Intraocular lens injector

ABSTRACT

Apparatuses, systems, and methods for implanting an intraocular lens into an eye are described. For example, an intraocular lens injector may include a passage formed in a distal end portion of the intraocular lens injector. The passage may define an interior surface, and a ramp may be formed on the interior surface so as to cause a leading haptic of an intraocular lens (IOL) being advanced through the passage to lift above a surface of an optic of the IOL to ensure proper folding of the IOL.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.15/838,946, filed Dec. 12, 2017 and claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/446,194, filed Jan. 13, 2017, and claimsthe benefit U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/469,682, filed Mar. 10,2017, the entire contents of each being incorporated herein byreference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to systems, apparatuses, and methods forintraocular lens injectors. Particularly, the present disclosure relatesto systems, apparatuses, and methods for intraocular lens injectorsincluding features for lifting a leading haptic of an intraocular lensfor improved intraocular lens folding performance.

BACKGROUND

The human eye in its simplest terms functions to provide vision bytransmitting and refracting light through a clear outer portion calledthe cornea, and further focusing the image by way of the lens onto theretina at the back of the eye. The quality of the focused image dependson many factors including the size, shape and length of the eye, and theshape and transparency of the cornea and lens. When trauma, age ordisease cause the lens to become less transparent, vision deterioratesbecause of the diminished light which can be transmitted to the retina.This deficiency in the lens of the eye is medically known as a cataract.The treatment for this condition is surgical removal of the lens andimplantation of an artificial intraocular lens (“IOL”).

Many cataractous lenses are removed by a surgical technique calledphacoemulsification. During this procedure, an opening is made in theanterior capsule and a thin phacoemulsification cutting tip is insertedinto the diseased lens and vibrated ultrasonically. The vibratingcutting tip liquefies or emulsifies the lens so that the lens may beaspirated out of the eye. The diseased lens, once removed, is replacedby an artificial lens.

The IOL is injected into the eye through the same small incision used toremove the diseased lens. An IOL injector is used to deliver an IOL intothe eye.

SUMMARY

According to one aspect, the disclosure describes an intraocular lensinjector that may include an injector body and a plunger. The injectorbody may include a bore defined by an interior wall, a longitudinal axisextending centrally along the injector body, and a distal end portion.The distal end portion may include a first sidewall; a second sidewalldisposed opposite the first sidewall; a third sidewall extending betweenthe first sidewall and the second sidewall; and a fourth sidewallopposite the third sidewall, the first sidewall, second sidewall, thirdsidewall, and fourth sidewall joined to define passage forming a portionof the bore. The injector body may also include a first ramp formed onan interior surface of the passage along the first sidewall andlaterally offset from the longitudinal axis. The first ramp may bedisposed at a position within the passage to contact a leading haptic ofan intraocular lens. The first ramp may include a first leading surfacebeing sloped and inwardly extending from the interior surface into thepassage and a first peak disposed at a distal end of the first rampdisposed at a distal end of the first leading surface. The intraocularlens injector may also include a plunger slideable within the boredefined by the interior wall.

The aspects of the present disclosure may include one or more of thefollowing features. The first leading surface may include a firstplurality of steps therealong. Each of the first plurality of steps mayinclude a rise and a run. The rise and run of each of the steps isuniform. At least one of the rise and run of at least one step of thefirst plurality of steps may be different from the rise and the run ofanother of the steps of the first plurality of steps. The injector bodymay also include a compartment configured to receive the intraocularlens. The compartment may adjoins and be in fluid communication with thepassage. A threshold may be defined between the passage and thecompartment. A proximal end of the first leading surface of first rampmay be located along at the threshold.

One or more of the following features may also be included in thevarious aspects of the present disclosure. A second ramp may be formedon the interior surface of the passage along the second sidewall andadjacent to the first ramp. The first ramp and the second ramp may beintegrally formed. The second ramp may include a second leading surface,and the second leading surface may be sloped and extend inwardly fromthe interior surface of the passage. The second ramp may also include asecond peak disposed at a distal end of the second leading surface. Thesecond leading surface may include a second plurality of steps. Each ofthe second plurality of steps may include a rise and a run. The rise andrun of each of the steps may be uniform. At least one of the rise andrun of at least one step of the second plurality of steps may bedifferent from the rise and the run of another of the steps of thesecond plurality of steps. The first leading surface and the secondleading surface may be integrally formed. The first ramp further mayinclude a first trailing surface disposed distally of the first peak.The first trailing surface may have a positive slope. A second ramp maybe formed on the interior surface of the passage along the secondsidewall and adjacent to the first ramp. The second ramp may include asecond leading surface that is sloped and that extends inwardly from theinterior surface of the passage, a second peak disposed at a distal endof the second leading surface, and a second trailing surface. The secondtrailing surface may have a positive slope. The first trailing surfaceand the first trailing surface may be integrally formed.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory innature and are intended to provide an understanding of the presentdisclosure without limiting the scope of the present disclosure. In thatregard, additional aspects, features, and advantages of the presentdisclosure will be apparent to one skilled in the art from the followingdetailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example intraocular lens injector.

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the intraocular lensinjector of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a distal portion of an example injectorbody of the intraocular lens injector of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the distal portion of the injectorbody shown in FIG. 3 .

FIG. 5 is an example cross-sectional shape of a nozzle of an intraocularlens injector.

FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of an intraocular lens receivingcompartment formed in an injector body.

FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of an intraocular lens receivingcompartment formed in an injector body.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a plunger.

FIG. 9 is a bottom view of a plunger.

FIG. 10 is a partial perspective view showing tabs and a plunger lock ofan example intraocular lens injector.

FIG. 11 is a detail view of an example plunger tip of plunger.

FIG. 12 shows an example interior surface of a door enclosing alens-receiving compartment of an intraocular lens injector.

FIG. 13 is a detail view of the distal end portion of the IOL injectorshowing a demarcation designating a pause position of an IOL beingadvanced through the IOL injector.

FIG. 14 is a view of a distal end portion of an IOL injector with an IOLlocated therein at a pause position.

FIG. 15 is a detail view of an example IOL injector showing an openingat an interface between a compartment into which an IOL is received andan internal bore of an injector body, the detail view being transverseto a longitudinal axis of the IOL injector, and the detail view showinga flexible wall portion in contact with an injector rod.

FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view of an example IOL injector.

FIG. 17 shows an example IOL.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of an example plunger tip.

FIG. 19 is a side view of the example plunger tip of FIG. 18 .

FIG. 20 is a top view of the example plunger tip of FIG. 18 .

FIG. 21 is a side view of a distal end portion of an example IOLinjector.

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 21 .

FIG. 23 is a plan view of the distal end portion of the IOL injector ofFIG. 21 .

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 23 .

FIG. 25 is a detail view of a ramp formed in an interior passage of adistal end portion of an IOL injector.

FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 23 .

FIG. 27 is a detail view of a ramp formed in an interior passage of adistal end portion of an IOL injector.

FIG. 28 shows an example lifting feature disposed within an interiorpassage of an IOL injector operable to lift a leading haptic of an IOLduring advancement of the IOL.

FIG. 29 shows another example lifting feature disposed within aninterior passage of an IOL injector operable to lift a leading haptic ofan IOL during advancement of the IOL.

FIGS. 30-33 illustrate lifting of a leading haptic of an IOL by a rampform on an interior surface of a distal end portion of an IOL injectoras the IOL is advanced through an interior passage of the IOL injector.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of thepresent disclosure, reference will now be made to the implementationsillustrated in the drawings, and specific language will be used todescribe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitationof the scope of the disclosure is intended. Any alterations and furthermodifications to the described devices, instruments, methods, and anyfurther application of the principles of the present disclosure arefully contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art towhich the disclosure relates. In particular, it is fully contemplatedthat the features, components, and/or steps described with respect toone implementation may be combined with the features, components, and/orsteps described with respect to other implementations of the presentdisclosure.

The present disclosure relates to systems, apparatuses, and methods fordelivering an IOL into an eye. Particularly, the present disclosurerelates to systems, apparatuses, and methods for intraocular lensinjectors having features to improve leading haptic lift duringintraocular lens folding. FIGS. 1 and 2 show an example IOL injector 10that includes an injector body 20 and a plunger 30. The injector body 20defines a bore 40 extending from a proximal end 50 of the injector body20 to a distal end portion 60 of the injector body 20. The plunger 30 isslideable within the bore 40. Particularly, the plunger 30 is slideablewithin bore 40 in order to advance an IOL, such as IOL 70, within theinjector body 20. The IOL injector 10 also includes a longitudinal axis75 disposed centrally through the body 20. The longitudinal axis 75 mayextend along the plunger 30 and define a longitudinal axis of theplunger 30.

The injector body 20 includes a compartment 80 operable to house an IOLprior to insertion into an eye. In some instances, a door 90 may beincluded to provide access to the compartment 80. The door 90 mayinclude a hinge 100 such that the door 90 may be pivoted about the hinge100 to open the compartment 80. The injector body 20 may also includetabs 110 formed at the proximal end 50 of the injector body 20. The tabs110 may be manipulated by fingers of a user, such as an ophthalmologistor other medical professional, to advance the plunger 30 through thebore 40.

FIGS. 3-5 illustrate details of the distal end portion 60 of theinjector body 20. In some instances, the distal end portion 60 has atapered exterior surface. Further, the distal end portion 60 includes apassage 64 that tapers towards a distal opening 125. The injector body20 also includes a nozzle 120 at the distal end portion 60. The nozzle120 is adapted for insertion into an eye so that an IOL may beimplanted. An IOL is expelled from distal opening 125 formed in thenozzle 120. As shown in FIG. 5 , the nozzle 120 may have an ellipticalcross section. Additionally, the nozzle 120 may include a beveled tip130. The compartment 80, passage 64, and opening 125 may define adelivery passage 127. A size of the delivery passage 127 may vary alongits length. That is, in some instances, a height H1 of the passage maychange along a length of the delivery passage 127. The variation in sizeof the delivery passage 127 may contribute to the folding of the IOL asit is advanced therealong.

In some instances, the injector body 20 may include an insertion depthguard 140. The insertion depth guard 140 may form a flanged surface 150that is adapted to abut an exterior eye surface. The insertion depthguard 140 abuts an eye surface and, thereby, limits an amount by whichthe nozzle 120 is permitted to extend into an eye. In someimplementations, the flanged surface 150 may have a curvature thatconforms to the outer surface of an eye. For example, the flangedsurface 150 may have a curvature that conforms to a scleral surface ofthe eye. In other instances, the flanged surface 150 may have acurvature that corresponds to a corneal surface of the eye. In stillother instances, the flanged surface 150 may have a curvature, part ofwhich corresponds to a scleral surface and another part that correspondsto a corneal surface. Thus, the flanged surface 150 may be concave. Inother instances, the flanged surface 150 may be flat. In still otherinstances, the flanged surface 150 may be convex. Further, the flangedsurface 150 may have any desired contour. For example, the flangedsurface 150 may be a curved surface having radii of curvature that varyalong different radial directions from a center of the flanged surface150. In still other instances, the flanged surface 150 may define asurface that has varying curvature along different radial directions aswell as curvature that varies along one or more particular radialdirections.

In FIG. 3 , the insertion depth guard 140 is shown as a continuousfeature that forms a continuous flanged surface 150. In someimplementations, the insertion depth guard 140 may be segmented into aplurality of features or protrusions forming a plurality ofeye-contacting surfaces. These eye-contacting surfaces may work inconcert to control the depth to which the nozzle 120 may penetrate aneye. In other implementations, the insertion depth guard 140 may beomitted.

FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional detail view of the compartment 80 and aportion of bore 40 of the example injector body 20 shown in FIG. 2 . Thebore 40 is defined by an interior wall 298. The interior wall 298includes a tapered portion that includes a first tapered wall 301 and asecond tapered wall 303. The tapered portion of the interior wall 298defines an opening 170 at an interface 172 between the bore 40 and thecompartment 80. The opening 170 includes a height H2. A distal endportion 211 of the plunger rod 210 has a height of H3. In someinstances, height H2 may be larger than height H3, such that, initially,there is no interference between the plunger rod 210 and the interiorwall 298 at the opening 170. In other instances, height H2 may be equalto or larger than height H3, such that the plunger rod 210 and theopening 170 initially have an interference fit. In some implementations,the first tapered wall 301 includes a flexible wall portion. In theexample shown, the flexible wall portion 162 is an obliquely-extending,flexible portion of the interior wall 298 and, particularly, of thefirst tapered wall 301. As shown in FIG. 7 , in some instances, portionsof the first tapered wall 301 are removed, forming voids 163 that flankthe flexible wall portion 162. Thus, in some instances, the flexiblewall portion 162 may extend in a cantilevered manner.

Referring again to FIG. 6 , in some instances, the flexible wall portion162 may be sloped toward the distal end portion 60 of the injector body20. In some instances, an angle B defined by the flexible wall portion162 and the longitudinal axis 75 may be in the range of 20° to 60°. Forexample, in some instances, the angle B may be 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°,45°, 50°, 55°, or 60°. Further, the angle B may be greater or smallerthan the defined range or anywhere within the recited range. Moreover,the scope of the disclosure is not so limited. Thus, the angle B may beany desired angle.

The injector body 20 may also include a contoured ramp 180 formed alongan interior receiving surface 190 of the compartment 80. Generally, theinterior receiving surface 190 is the surface on which an IOL, such asIOL 70, is placed when loaded into the IOL injector 10. FIG. 7 is aperspective view of a portion of the example injector body 20 shown inFIG. 2 . The door 90 is not shown. In some instances, a verticaldistance C between a tip of the flexible wall portion 162 and the top ofthe contoured ramp 180 may correspond with a height H3 of a distal endportion 211 of the plunger rod 210. In other instances, the distance Cmay be greater or less than the height H3 of the distal end portion 211of the plunger rod 210. The flexible wall portion 162 and contoured ramp180 are discussed in more detail below. In some implementations, theflexible wall portion 162 may be omitted. For example, in someimplementations, the flexible wall portion may be unnecessary, as theplunger 30 and the associated plunger rod 210 maintain are configuredsuch that a plunger tip, e.g., plunger tip 220 discussed in more detailbelow, remains in contact with the contoured ramp 180 during advancementof the plunger 30.

As also shown in FIG. 7 , the injector body 20 may include a contouredsurface 192 that is offset from the receiving surface 190. A wall 194 isformed adjacent to the contoured surface 192. A freely extending end 452of a haptic 450, shown in FIG. 17 , contacts the contoured surface 192when IOL 70 is received into the compartment 80.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 8-9 , the plunger 30 may include a body portion200, a plunger rod 210 extending distally from the body portion 200, anda plunger tip 220 formed at a distal end 230 of the plunger rod 210. Theplunger 30 may also include a flange 240 formed at a proximal end 250 ofthe body portion 200. A biasing element 260 may be disposed on theplunger 30. In some instances, the biasing element 260 may be a spring.In some implementations, the biasing element 260 may be disposedadjacent to the flange 240. A proximal end 262 may be fixedly attachedat the body portion adjacent to the flange 240. In other instances, thebiasing element 260 may be disposed at another location along the bodyportion 200. In still other implementations, the biasing element 260 maybe formed or otherwise disposed on the injector body 20 and adapted toengage the plunger 30 at a selected location during advancement of theplunger 30 through bore 40. Still further, in other implementations, thebiasing element 260 may be omitted.

The flange 240 may be used in concert with the tabs 110 to advance theplunger 30 through the injector housing 20. For example, a user mayapply pressure to tabs 110 with two fingers while applying opposingpressure to the flange 240 with the user's thumb. A surface of theflange 240 may be textured in order to provide positive gripping by auser. In some instances, the texture may be in the form of a pluralityof grooves. However, any desired texture may be utilized.

The body portion 200 may include a plurality of transversely arrangedribs 270. In some instances, the ribs 270 may be formed on both a firstsurface 280 and a second surface 290 of the body portion 200, shown inFIG. 1 . In other instances, the ribs 270 may be formed on only one ofthe first surface 280 and second surface 290. A longitudinally extendingrib 300 may also be formed on one or both of the first and secondsurfaces 280, 290.

In some instances, the body portion 200 may also include one or moreprotrusions 202, as shown in FIG. 9 . The protrusions 202 may extendlongitudinally along a length of the body portion 200. The protrusions202 may be received grooves 204 formed in the injector body 20, as shownin FIG. 1 . The protrusions 202 and grooves 204 interact to align theplunger 30 within the bore 40 of the injector body 20.

The body portion 220 may also include cantilevered members 292. Thecantilevered members 292 may extend from a distal end 294 of the bodyportion 200 towards the proximal end 250. The cantilevered members 292may include flared portions 296. The cantilevered members 292 may alsoinclude substantially horizontal portions 297. The flared portions 296are configured to engage the interior wall 298 of the injector body 20that defines the bore 40, as shown in FIG. 2 . Engagement between thecantilevered members 292 and the interior wall 298 generates a forceresistive to advancement of the plunger 30 and provides a tactilefeedback to the user during advancement of the plunger 30. For example,in some implementations, the resistive force generated by contactbetween the cantilevered members 292 and the interior wall 298 mayprovide a baseline resistance that resists advancement of the plunger30.

In some instances, the plunger rod 210 may include an angled portion212. The distal end portion 211 may form part of the angled portion 212.The angled portion 212 may define an angle, A, within the range of 1° to5° with the longitudinal axis 75. In some instances, the angle A maybe2°. In some instances, the angle A may be 2.5°. In still otherinstances, the angle A may be 3°, 3.5°, 4°, 4.5°, or 5°. Further, whilethe above values of A are provided as examples, the angle A may begreater or less than the indicated range or any value in between. Thus,the angle A may be any desired angle.

The angled portion 212 ensures that the plunger tip 220 contacts andfollows the receiving surface 190 as the plunger 30 is advanced throughthe bore 40. Particularly, the angle A defined by the angled portion 212exceeds what is needed to cause the plunger tip 220 to contact theinterior wall 298 of the bore 40. That is, when the plunger 30 isdisposed within the bore 40, engagement between the plunger tip 220 andthe interior wall 298 causes the angled portion 212 to bend inwardly dueto the angle A. Consequently, the angled portion 212 ensures that theplunger tip 220 properly engages the haptics and optic of an IOL beinginserted from the IOL injector 10. This is described in greater detailbelow. Although the angled portion 212 is shown as being a substantiallystraight portion bent at an angle relative to the remainder of theplunger rod 210, the scope is not so limited. In some instances, aportion of plunger rod 210 may have a continuous curvature. In otherinstances, an entire length of the plunger rod 210 may be bent or have acurvature. Further, the amount of angular offset from the longitudinalaxis 75 or amount of curvature may be selected in order to provide adesired amount of engagement between the plunger tip 220 and theinterior surfaces of the injector body 20.

The biasing element 260 may be affixed to the body portion 200 adjacentto the flange 240. In some instances, the biasing element 260 may form ahoop 310 extending distally along the body portion 200 that functions asa spring to resist advancement of the plunger 30 when the hoop 310engages the injector body 20. The biasing element 260 may also include acollar 261 that defines a channel 320 through which the body portion 200extends. Thus, in operation, as the plunger 30 is advanced through thebore 40 of the injector body 20 (i.e., in the direction of arrow 330shown in FIG. 2 ), a distal end 265 of the biasing element 260 contactsthe proximal end 50 of the injector body 20 at a selected location alongthe stroke of the plunger 30. As the injector 30 is further advanced,the biasing element 260 is compressed and the channel 320 permits thedistal end 265 of the biasing element 260 to move relative to the bodyportion 200. Similarly, the channel 320 permits relative movementbetween the body portion 200 and the distal end 265 of the biasingelement 260 during proximal movement of the plunger 30 (i.e., in thedirection of arrow 340, also shown in FIG. 2 ).

Referring to FIGS. 2, 9, and 10 , the IOL injector 10 may also include aplunger lock 350. The plunger lock 350 is removably disposed in a groove360 formed in one of the tabs 110. The plunger lock 350 includes aprotrusion 370 formed at one end thereof. The plunger lock 350 mayinclude a single protrusion 370, as shown in FIG. 2 . In otherinstances, the plunger lock 350 may include a plurality of protrusions370. For example, FIG. 10 illustrates an example plunger lock 350 havingtwo protrusions 370. In other instances, the plunger lock 350 mayinclude additional protrusions 370.

When installed, the protrusion 370 extends through an aperture 375formed in the injector body 20 and is received into a slot 380 formed inthe plunger 30. When the plunger lock 350 is installed, the protrusion370 and slot 380 interlock to prevent the plunger 30 from moving withinthe bore 40. That is, the installed plunger lock 350 prevents theplunger 30 from being advanced through or removed from the bore 40. Uponremoval of the plunger lock 350, the plunger 30 may be freely advancedthrough the bore 40. In some instances, the plunger lock 350 may includea plurality of raised ribs 390. The ribs 390 provide a tactileresistance to aid in removal from and insertion into groove 360.

The plunger lock 350 may be U-shaped and define a channel 382. Thechannel 382 receives a portion of the tab 110. Further, when fitted ontothe tab 110, a proximal portion 384 of the plunger lock 350 may beoutwardly flexed. Consequently, the plunger lock 350 may be frictionallyretained on the tab 110.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 8 , in some implementations, the body portion20 may include shoulders 392 formed in bore 40. The shoulders 392 may beformed at a location in the bore 40 where the bore 40 narrows from anenlarged proximal portion 394 and a narrower distal portion 396. In someinstances, the shoulder 392 may be a curved surface. In other instances,the shoulder 392 may be defined a stepped change in the size of bore 40.

The cantilevered members 292 may engage the shoulder 392. In someimplementations, the flared portion 296 of the cantilevered members 292may engage the shoulder 392. In some instances, a location at which thecantilevered members 292 engage the shoulder 392 may be one in which theslot 380 aligns with the aperture 375. Thus, in some implementations,engagement between the cantilevered members 292 and shoulder 392 mayprovide a convenient arrangement for insertion of the plunger lock 350to lock the plunger 30 in place relative to the injector body 20. Inother implementations, the slot 380 and the aperture 375 may not alignwhen the cantilevered members 292 engage the shoulder 392.

As the plunger 30 is advanced through the bore 40, the flared portion296 of the cantilevered members 292 may be inwardly displaced to complywith the narrowed distal portion 396 of the bore 40. As a result of thisdeflection of the flared portion 296, the cantilevered members 292 applyan increased normal force to the interior wall 298 of the bore 40. Thisincreased normal force generates a frictional force that resistsadvancement of the plunger 30 through bore 40, thereby providing tactilefeedback to the user.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 , the IOL injector may also include an IOLstop 400. The IOL stop 400 is received into a recess 410 formed in anouter surface 420 the door 90. The IOL stop 400 may include a protrusion430 that extends through an opening 440 formed in the door. Theprotrusion 430 extends between a haptic and optic of an IOL loaded intothe compartment 80. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 17 , the IOL 70 includeshaptics 450 and an optic 460. The protrusion 430 is disposed between oneof the haptics 450 and the optic 460. The IOL stop 430 may also includea tab 435. The tab 435 may be gripped by a user for removal of the IOLstop 430 from the injector body 20.

The IOL stop 400 may also include an aperture 470. The aperture 470aligns with another opening formed in the door 90, for example opening472 shown in FIG. 13 . The aperture 470 and second opening 472 in thedoor 90 form a passageway through which a material, such as aviscoelastic material, may be introduced into the compartment 80.

The IOL stop 400 is removable from the door 90. When installed, the IOLstop 400 prevents advancement of the IOL, such as IOL 70. Particularly,if advancement of the IOL 70 is attempted, the optic 460 contacts theprotrusion 430, thereby preventing advancement of the IOL 70.

FIG. 11 shows an example plunger tip 220. The plunger tip 220 mayinclude a first protrusion 480 and a second protrusion 490 extendingfrom opposing sides. The first and second protrusions 480, 490 define afirst groove 500. The first groove 500 defines a surface 502. A secondgroove 510 is formed within the first groove 500. The first groove 500,particularly in combination with the first protrusion 480, serves tocapture and fold a trailing haptic of an IOL. The second groove 510functions to capture and fold an optic of an IOL.

A side wall 520 of the plunger tip 220 may be tapered. The tapered sidewall 520 may provide a nesting space for a gusseted portion of thetrailing haptic of an IOL. The gusseted portion of the haptic tends toremain proximal to the IOL optic. Thus, the tapered side wall 520 mayprovide a nesting space that promotes proper folding of the IOL duringdelivery into an eye.

FIGS. 18-20 show another example plunger tip 220. This plunger tip 220includes a first protrusion 600, a second protrusion 602, and a groove604. The first protrusion extends at an oblique angle θ fromlongitudinal axis 606. In some instances, the angle θ may be between 25°to 60°. In other instances, the angle θ may be lower than 25° or largerthan 60°. In other instances, the angle θ may be between 0° to 60°. Instill other implementations, the angle θ may be between 0° and 70°; 0°and 80°; or 0° and 90°. Generally, the angle θ may be selected to be anydesired angle. For example, the angle θ may selected based on one ormore of the following: (1) a size, such as a height, of passage 64formed within the nozzle 60; (2) the height of the compartment 80; (3)how the height of the passage 64 and/or compartment varies along theirrespective lengths; and (3) the thickness of the plunger tip 220. Thesecond protrusion 602 may include a tapered portion 608. The taperedportion 608 is operable to engage an optic of an IOL, such as optic 460shown in FIG. 17 . The optic may slide along the tapered surface so thatthe optic may be moved into the groove 604. As a result, the secondprotrusion 602 is positioned adjacent to a surface of the optic.

The example plunger tip 220 shown in FIGS. 18-20 also include a surface610 that may be similar to the surface 502. The surface 610 is adaptedto contact and displace a trailing or proximally extending haptic, suchas haptic 450 shown in FIG. 17 , so that the haptic folds. In someinstance, the surface 610 may be a flat surface. In other instances, thesurface 610 may be a curved or otherwise contoured surface. The exampleplunger tip 220 may also include a side wall 612 and support surface613. Similar to the side wall 520, the side wall 612 may be tapered, asshown in FIG. 20 . In some instances, the side wall 612 may include afirst curved portion 614. The first curved portion 614 may receive abent portion of the trailing haptic that remains proximal to the opticduring folding. The trailing haptic is supported by support surface 613during the folding process. The side wall 612 may also include a secondcurved surface 615.

The obliquely-extending first protrusion 600 effectively increases aheight H4, as compared to the plunger tip 220 shown in FIG. 11 , forexample. This increased height H4 improves the ability of the plungertip 220 to capture the trailing haptic during advancement of the plunger30. In operation, as the plunger 30 is advanced distally, the distal end618 engages an interior wall of the delivery passage 127 due to changesin the height H1 of the delivery passage 127. As the height H1decreases, the first protrusion 600 pivots about hinge 620, effectivelyreducing the total height H4 of the plunger tip 220. As the firstprotrusion 600 pivots about hinge 620 and rotated in a direction towardsthe second protrusion 602, the first protrusion 600 captures thetrailing haptic between the optic of the IOL and the first protrusion600. Therefore, with the first protrusion 600 pivotable about the hinge620, the size of the plunger tip 220 is able to adapt and conform to thechanging height H1 of the delivery passage 127 as the IOL is advanceddistally and folded.

FIG. 12 shows an interior surface 530 of door 90. The surface 510 mayinclude a ridge 530. The ridge 530 may include a curved portion 540. Inthe example illustrated, the curved portion 540 extends proximally andinwardly towards the longitudinal axis 75. The curved portion 540 isconfigured to overlay a portion of a trailing haptic of an IOL, whichpromotes proper folding of the IOL when the plunger 30 is advancedthrough the injector body 20.

In operation, the plunger lock 350 may be inserted into the groove 360to lock the plunger 30 in position relative to the injector body 20. AnIOL, such as IOL 70, may be loaded into the compartment 80. For example,the door 90 may be opened by a user and a desired IOL inserted into thecompartment 80. The door 90 may be closed upon insertion of the IOL intothe compartment 80. In some instances, an IOL may be preloaded duringmanufacturing.

The IOL stop 400 may be inserted into the recess 410 formed in the door90. Viscoelastic material may be introduced into the compartment 80 viathe aligned aperture 470 and corresponding opening formed in the door90. The viscoelastic material functions as a lubricant to promoteadvancement and folding of the IOL during advancement and delivery ofthe IOL into an eye. In some instances, the viscoelastic material may beintroduced into the compartment 80 at the time of manufacturing.

The IOL stop 400 may be removed from the recess 410 formed in the door90, and the plunger lock 350 may be removed from the groove 360. Theplunger 30 may be advance through the bore 40. Sliding engagementbetween the cantilevered members 292 and the interior wall 298 of theinjector body 20 generates a resistive force that resists advancement ofplunger 30. In some instances, the plunger 30 may be advanced throughthe bore 40 until the plunger tip 220 extends into the compartment 80.For example, the plunger 30 may be advanced until the plunger tip 220 isadjacent to or in contact with the IOL. In other instances, the plunger30 may be advanced through the bore 40 such that the IOL is partially orfully folded. Further, the plunger 30 may advance the IOL to a positionwithin the nozzle just short of being ejected from the distal opening125. For example, in some instances, advancement of the plunger 30,prior to insertion of the nozzle 120 into a wound formed in the eye, maybe stopped at the point where the distal end 265 of the biasing element260 contacts the proximal end 50 of the injector body 20.

FIG. 21 shows the distal end portion 60 of the IOL injector 10. FIG. 22is a cross-sectional view of the distal end portion 60 of the IOLinjector 10 taken along line A-A. Longitudinal axis 75 is shown in FIG.22 and extends centrally along the passage 64 such that the longitudinalaxis 75 divides the distal end portion 60 symmetrically in FIG. 22 .Referring to FIGS. 21 and 22 , the distal end portion 60 includes afirst sidewall 700, a second sidewall 702 opposite the first sidewall700, a third sidewall 704 disposed between the first and secondsidewalls 700 and 702, and a fourth sidewall 706 opposite the thirdsidewall 704 and also disposed between the first and second sidewalls700 and 702. The sidewalls 700, 702, 704, and 706 define the passage 64.

In order to provide improved folding of an IOL, such as IOL 70, a ramp708 is formed on an interior surface 710 of the first sidewall 700.Referring to FIGS. 22, 23, and 28 , the ramp 708 includes a peak 709, aleading surface 712 disposed proximally the peak 709, and a trailingsurface 713 disposed distally of the peak 709. The peak 709 extendsalong a width of the ramp 708 and separates the leading surface 712 fromthe trailing surface 713. The peak 709 represent a portion of the ramp708 with the largest separation from plane C, shown in FIG. 24 anddiscussed in more detail below. As is readily apparent, the leadingsurface 712 of the ramp 708 increases the lift, i.e., displacement inthe direction of arrow 709, of a leading haptic of an IOL (e.g., leadinghaptic 450 of IOL 70, shown in FIG. 10 ) at a much faster rate as theIOL is advance through the passage 64 than would otherwise be providedby the surface 710 if the ramp 708 were omitted. The ramp 708 operatesto mitigate or eliminate improper folding of the leading haptic duringfolding of the IOL within the IOL injector 10. For example, the ramp 708may avoid improper folding in which the leading haptic remains distal toan in contact with a leading edge 728 (shown in FIG. 24 ) of the optic460 during folding of the IOL 70. Thus, the ramp 708 is operable to liftthe leading haptic 450 above the optic 460 such that the haptic 450 isable to be folded over the optic 460 as the IOL 70 is folded prior tobeing expelled from the IOL injector 10 and into an eye forimplantation.

As shown in FIG. 22 , the ramp 708 is laterally offset from thelongitudinal axis 75, which forms a centerline along the IOL injector10, towards the third sidewall 704. The location of the ramp 708 is suchthat a freely extending end of a leading haptic of an IOL, such asfreely extending end 452 of haptic 450 of IOL 70 extending digitallyfrom the optic 460, encounters the ramp 708 as the IOL is advance alongthe delivery passage 127 by the plunger 30.

FIG. 23 is a plan view of the distal end portion 60 of the IOL injector10 showing the second sidewall 702. FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view ofthe distal end portion 60 taken along line B-B shown in FIG. 22 . Theline B-B represents a plane passing through a portion of the ramp 708having the largest distance between a point along the peak 709 and theplane C, shown in FIG. 24 . H5 represents the maximum dimension betweenthe ramp 708 and the plane C. The ramp 708 is positioned within thepassage 64 to contact and engage the freely extending end of the leadinghaptic. In the illustrated example, the ramp 708 is disposed distally ofthe threshold 65 between the compartment 80 and the passage 64. The ramp708 begins at a proximal end indicated by point 705. In some instances,a longitudinal distance G between the point 705 and the peak 709 (which,in some instances, may be coincident with point 707, described in moredetail below) may be within the range of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. Thus, in someimplementations, the distance G may be 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm,0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, or 1.5 mm. However, thedistance G may be selected to be any value within the indicated range ora value larger or smaller than the indicated range. Line 710 correspondsto an interior surface of the first sidewall 700 defining the passage 64away from and not forming part of the ramp 708. A length L of the ramp708 along the cross-section shown in FIG. 24 may be within the range of8 mm to 10 mm. In other implementations, the length L of the ramp 708may be greater than 10 mm or less than 8 mm.

Referring to FIGS. 30-33 illustrates the operation of the ramp 708 inlifting the leading haptic 450 above optic 460 as the IOL 70 is advancedwithin the IOL injector 10. In operation, as the plunger rod 210advances the IOL 70 along the delivery passage 127, the freely extendingend 452 of the leading haptic 450 contacts and rides along a leadingsurface 712 of the ramp 708. As the IOL 70 is continued to be advanced,the leading haptic 450 is lifted as it rides along the leading surface712. Lifting of the leading haptic 450 continues until the leadinghaptic 450 has obtained a sufficient height above the optic 460 of theIOL. For example, a height obtained by the leading haptic 450 as aresult of riding along the leading surface 712 of the ramp 708 may beselected to ensure that leading haptic avoids being trapped forward ordistal of a leading edge 714 of the optic 460. Further, a position ofthe leading surface 712 of the ramp 708 longitudinally along the distalend portion 60 and a slope of the leading surface 712 may be selectedsuch that the leading haptic 450 achieves a desired height above theoptic 460 before or simultaneous with curling of the lateral edges 453(shown in FIG. 14 ) of the optic 460 as the optic 460 begins to fold. Aramp 708 configured in such a way ensures that the freely extending end452 of the leading haptic 450 is tucked proximal to the leading edge 714of the optic and between the folded lateral sides 453 thereof. Anillustration of this folding arrangement of the leading haptic relativeto the optic is shown in FIG. 19 .

In the example shown in FIG. 24 , the leading surface 712 is a smoothsurface. That is, in some implementations, the leading surface 712 maybe free of discontinuities or rapid changes in curvature. However, thescope of the disclosure is not so limited. In some implementations, theleading surface 712 of the ramp 708 may have stepped surface. FIG. 25shows a detail cross-sectional view of an example leading surface 712 ofthe ramp 708 in which the leading surface 712 includes a plurality ofsteps 716. In some instances, the leading surface 712 may be formedentirely of steps 716. In other instances, the leading surface 720 mayhave a plurality of steps along only a portion of its length. In otherimplementations, the sizes of one or more steps 716 may vary from thesizes of one or more other steps 716 of the leading surface 712.

In some implementations, each of the steps 716 includes a rise 718 and arun 720. The run 720 extends in a direction parallel to a longitudinalaxis 75 of the IOL injector 10, while the rise 718 extends in adirection perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 75 of the IOL injector10. In some implementations, the rise 718 of one or more of the steps716 may have a length in the range of 0.2 to 0.5 mm. Particularly, thelength of the rise 718 may be 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, or 0.5 mm.However, these dimensions are merely examples. In other implementations,the length of the rise 718 may be larger or smaller than the indicatedrange. That is, in some instances, the rise 718 may be larger than 0.5mm or smaller than 0.2 mm.

The run 720 of one or more of the steps 716 may have a length in therange of 0.2 to 0.5 mm. Particularly, the length of the run 720 may be0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, or 0.5 mm. However, these dimensions are merelyexamples. In other implementations, the length of the run 720 may belarger or smaller than the indicated range. That is, in some instances,the run 720 may be larger than 0.5 mm or smaller than 0.2 mm.

Although FIG. 25 shows an example leading surface 712 having a pluralityof steps 716 that are uniform in size. Thus, in some implementations,with the leading surface 712 having a plurality of steps 716 withuniform sizes, the leading surface 712 defines a linear slope. However,the scope of the disclosure is not so limited. Rather, in otherinstances, one or more of the rise 718, the run 720, or both the rise718 and run 720 of one or more of the steps 716 may be different thanone or more other steps 716. In some instance, the run 718 of the stepsmay decrease in the distal direction along the leading surface 712. Inother implementations, the run 718 of the steps may increase in thedistal direction along the leading surface 712. In some instances, therise 718 of the steps may increase in the distal direction along theleading surface 712. In other implementations, the rise 718 of the stepsmay decrease in the distal direction along the leading surface 712. Ininstances where the rise 718 and run 720 of one or more of the steps 716varies, the leading surface 712 may define an overall curved surface or,more generally, a non-linear surface. In some implementations, thestepped leading surface 712 may be arranged to form an overall parabolicshape to the leading surface 712. An overall parabolic shape of theleading surface 712 may alter an amount of lift imparted to the leadinghaptic 450 as a distance traveled by the leading haptic 450 in thedistal direction changes. Particularly, the amount of lift imparted tothe leading haptic 450 may increase per rate of movement of the leadinghaptic 450 in the distal direction along the longitudinal axis of thepassage 64 of the distal end portion 60. However, the overall shapedefined by the leading surface 712 may be any desired shape. Forexample, the leading surface 712 may have an inclined undulatingsurface, an inclined flat surface, or any other desired surface.

An overall slope of the ramp 708 is defined by a line 703 extending froma point 705, a proximal end of the ramp 708, to a point 707 wherein theline 705 tangentially touches the peak 709 of the ramp 708. The slopeline 703 is angularly offset from the plane C by an angle T. In someinstances, the angle T may be between 17° and 27°. Particularly, in someinstances, the angle T may be 17°, 18°, 19°, 20°, 21°, 22°, 23°, 24°,25°, 26°, or 27°. However, the angle T may be selected to be any valuewithin the indicated range or a value larger or smaller than theindicated range.

Referring to FIGS. 22, 24, and 25 , the trailing surface 713 of the ramp708 gradually recedes into the interior surface 710 of the firstsidewall 700. In the example shown in FIG. 24 , the trailing surface 713has a positive slope as the trailing surface 713 extends distally. Insome examples, the positive slope of the trailing surface 713 isprovided for manufacturability of the IOL injector 10 and, particularly,for the distal end portion 60. In the case of injection molding, forexample, a positive slope of the trailing surface 713 provides a draftangle that facilitates manufacturing of the distal end portion 60.However, the trailing surface 713 need not have a positive slope. Inother implementations, the trailing surface 713 may have a neutralslope, i.e., a slope of zero, or a negative slope. In still otherimplementations, the trailing surface 713 of the ramp 708 may beomitted.

In some implementations, the third sidewall 704 may also include ramp722 formed on an interior surface thereof, as shown in FIG. 22 . In someinstances, the ramp 722 may blend with the ramp 708. For example, insome instances, the ramp 722 may be a continuation of the ramp 708 thatcontinues from the inner surface of the first sidewall 700 onto theinner surface of the third sidewall 704. In some implementations, theramp 722 may be omitted.

The ramp 722 includes a leading surface 723, a trailing surface 725, anda peak 727 disposed between the leading surface 723 and the trailingsurface 725. Similar to the peak 709, the peak 727 extends along a widthof the ramp 722 and separates the leading surface 723 from the trailingsurface 725. FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of the distal end portion60 taken along line C-C shown in FIG. 23 . The line C-C represents aplane that passes through the peak 709 of the ramp 708 and the peak 727of the ramp 722. While peaks 709 and 727 are aligned in the exampledistal end portion 60 illustrated in FIG. 21-26 , the scope of thedisclosure is not so limited. Rather, the peaks 709 and 727 may beoffset. In some instances, the peak 709 may be disposed proximally ofthe peak 727. In other instances, the peak 709 may be disposed distallyof the peak 727.

As shown in FIG. 26 , the peak 723 of the ramp 722 is disposed at anangle relative to vertical axis 729, whereas the peak 709 of the ramp708 is parallel with the horizontal axis 731. However, in otherimplementations, the peak 709 may be angled relative to the horizontalaxis 731. In some instances, the peak 723 may be parallel with thevertical axis 729. Referring to FIG. 22 , a surface 724 corresponding toan inner surface of the passage 64 of a distal end portion 60 that omitsthe ramp 722 is illustrated. Consequently, the difference in topographyexperienced by a leading haptic, such as leading haptic 450, ininstances with the ramp 722 as opposed to those without the ramp 722 isapparent. As shown in FIG. 26 , the surface 710 joins with surface 724to form a representation of a continuous surface that would otherwiseexist in the passage 64 if the ramps 708 and 722 were omitted.

The freely extending end 452 of the leading haptic 450 engages the ramp722 as the IOL 70 is advance within the passage 64 and operates torestrict distal movement of the leading haptic 450 as the leading haptic450 is being lifted by the ramp 708. As the IOL 70 continues to advance,the leading haptic 450 engages the leading surface 723 of the ramp 722.As a result, the distal movement of the leading haptic 450 istemporarily reduced or stopped such that the leading haptic 450 isfolded over the surface 726 of the optic 460. As advancement of the IOL70 continues, a point is reached where the force applied to the leadinghaptic 450 in the distal direction as a result of advancement of the IOL70 exceeds a resistive force applied to the leading haptic 450 by theramp 722. As a result, the leading haptic 450 is deflected and forcedpast the ramp 722 with the leading haptic 450 folded over the optic 460and adjacent to the surface 726. The point at which the leading haptic450 is moved past the ramp 722 and folded over the surface 726 of theoptic 460 occurs just prior to folding of the lateral sides 453 of theoptic 460. The folded lateral sides 453 of the optic 460 capture theleading haptic 450 therebetween and maintain the leading optic 450 in afolded configuration.

As explained above, the ramp 708 and the ramp 722 may join into a singletopographical feature present within the passage 64. In otherimplementations, the ramp 708 and the ramp 722 may be separate featuresformed in the passage 64. Further, the leading surface 723 of the ramp722 may be a smooth surface, i.e., free discontinuities or rapid changesin curvature. However, like the leading surface 712 of the ramp 708, theleading surface 723 of the ramp 722 may have a stepped surface. FIG. 27shows a detail view the ramp 722 shown in FIG. 22 . The ramp 722includes a stepped leading surface 723 having a plurality of steps 730.In some instances, the leading surface 723 may be formed entirely ofsteps 730. In other instances, the leading surface 723 may have aplurality of steps along only a portion of its length. In otherimplementations, the sizes of one or more steps 730 may vary from thesizes of one or more other steps 730 of the leading surface 723.

In the instances where the ramp 708 and the ramp 722 are joined, one ofthe leading surface 712 of the ramp 708 and the leading surface 723 ofthe ramp 722 may include one or more steps while the other of theleading surface 712 of the ramp 708 and the leading surface 723 of theramp 722 may omit steps. In some instances, both the leading surface 712and the leading surface 723 may include one or more steps. In stillother implementations, both the leading surface 712 and the leadingsurface 723 may omit steps.

In instances wherein the leading surface 712 of the ramp 708 and theleading surface 723 of the ramp 722 include a plurality of steps, therise and run of the steps of each of the leading surfaces 712 and 723may be the same or the rise and run of each of the leading surfaces 712,723 may vary from each other. Further, a slope of each of the leadingsurfaces 712 and 723 may be the same or different from one another. Insome instances, the rise and run of the steps on each of the leadingsurfaces 712 and 723 may vary both between the leading surfaces 712 and723 and on each of the leading surfaces 712 and 723.

Each of the steps 730 includes a rise 732 and a run 734. The run 734extends in a direction parallel to a longitudinal axis 75 of the IOLinjector 10, while the rise 732 extends in a direction perpendicular tothe longitudinal axis 75 of the IOL injector 10. In someimplementations, the rise 732 of one or more of the steps 730 may have alength in the range of 0.2 to 0.5 mm. Particularly, the length of therise 732 may be 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, or 0.5 mm. However, thesedimensions are merely examples. In other implementations, the length ofthe rise 732 may be larger or smaller than the indicated range. That is,in some instances, the rise 732 may be larger than 0.5 mm or smallerthan 0.2 mm. In instances where the rise 718 and run 720 of one or moreof the steps 716 varies, the leading surface 712 may define an overallcurved surface or, more generally, a non-linear surface.

The run 734 of one or more of the steps 730 may have a length in therange of 0.2 to 0.5 mm. Particularly, the length of the run 734 may be0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, or 0.5 mm. However, these dimensions are merelyexamples. In other implementations, the length of the run 734 may belarger or smaller than the indicated range. That is, in some instances,the run 734 may be larger than 0.5 mm or smaller than 0.2 mm.

Although FIG. 27 shows an example leading surface 723 having a pluralityof steps 730 that are uniform in size. Thus, in some implementations,with the leading surface 723 having a plurality of steps 730 withuniform sizes, the leading surface 723 defines a linear slope. However,the scope of the disclosure is not so limited. Rather, in otherinstances, one or more of the rise 732, the run 734, or both the rise732 and run 734 of one or more of the steps 730 may be different thanone or more other steps 730. In some instance, the run 734 of the stepsmay decrease in the distal direction along the leading surface 723. Inother implementations, the run 734 of the steps may increase in thedistal direction along the leading surface 723. In some instances, therise 732 of the steps may increase in the distal direction along theleading surface 712. In other implementations, the rise 732 of the steps730 may decrease in the distal direction along the leading surface 723.In instances where the rise 732 and run 734 of one or more of the steps730 varies, the leading surface 723 may define an overall curved surfaceor, more generally, a non-linear surface. In some implementations, thestepped leading surface 723 may be arranged to form an overall parabolicshape to the leading surface 723. However, the shape of the leadingsurface 723 may be any desired shape. For example, the leading surface723 may have an inclined undulating surface, an inclined flat surface,or any other desired surface.

FIG. 27 also shows a plane D that extends parallel to the longitudinalaxis 75 of the IOL injector 10. The plane D passes through a first point731 defining a proximal end of the ramp 730. An overall slope of theramp 730 is defined by a line 733 extending from the point 71 to a point735 wherein the line 733 tangentially touches the peak 727 of the ramp730. The slope line 733 is angularly offset from the plane D by an angleU. In some instances, the angle U may be between 63° and 73°.Particularly, in some instances, the angle U may be 63°, 64°, 65°, 66°,67°, 68°, 69°, 70°, 71°, 72°, or 73°. However, the angle U may beselected to be any value within the indicated range or a value larger orsmaller than the indicated range.

In the illustrated example shown in FIG. 27 , the ramp 722 is disposeddistally of the threshold 65 between the compartment 80 and the passage64. The ramp 708 begins at a proximal end indicated by point 731. Insome instances, a longitudinal distance H between the point 731 and thepeak 709 (which, in some instances, may be coincident with point 735)may be within the range of 0.4 mm to 1.4 mm. Thus, in someimplementations, the distance H may be 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm,0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, or 1.4 mm. However, thedistance H may be selected to be any value within the indicated range ora value larger or smaller than the indicated range.

Referring to FIGS. 22, 26, and 27 , the trailing surface 725 of the ramp722 gradually recedes into the interior surface 724 of the thirdsidewall 704. In the example shown in FIG. 24 , the trailing surface 725has a positive slope as the trailing surface 725 extends distally.Similar to the trailing surface 713, discussed above, in some examples,the positive slope of the trailing surface 725 is provided formanufacturability of the IOL injector 10 and, particularly, for thedistal end portion 60. In the case of injection molding, for example, apositive slope of the trailing surface 725 provides a draft angle thatfacilitates manufacturing of the distal end portion 60. However, thetrailing surface 725 need not have a positive slope. In otherimplementations, the trailing surface 725 may have a neutral slope,i.e., a slope of zero, or a negative slope. In still otherimplementations, the trailing surface 725 of the ramp 722 may beomitted.

As shown in FIG. 26 , a height F of the passage 64 may be within therange of 2.4 mm to 2.6 mm. However, such dimensions are merelyillustrative, and the height F of the passage may be greater than 2.6 mmor less than 2.4 mm. Further, a height E of the ramp 722 where the ramp722 merges into the inner surface of the passage 64 (i.e., the innersurface of the passage 64 that is a continuation of the surface 724) maybe within the range of 1.5 mm to 1.8 mm. However, in someimplementations, the height E may be greater than 1.8 mm or less than1.5 mm. The height D of the ramp 708 at the peak 709 may be within therange of 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm. As is apparent, the example dimensionsprovided are for the indicated features at the cross-section along lineC-C (shown in FIG. 27 ). Thus, in some implementations, the height E ofthe ramp 722 may be within the range of 57% to 75% of the height E ofthe passage 64. Also, in some implementations, the height F of the ramp708 may be within the range of 19% and 42% of the height E of thepassage 64. Again, though, the indicated ranges are illustrative only,and the heights D and E of the ramps 708 and 722, respectively, relativeto the height F of the passage 64 may be selected to be any desiredamount.

FIG. 28 shows another example lifting feature 800 disposed within thedelivery passage 127 operable to lift the leading haptic 450 of IOL 70over surface 726 of the optic 460. In some implementations, the liftingfeature 800 may be disposed in the passage 64 of the distal end portion60. For example, the lifting feature 800 may be attached to an uppersurface (within the context of FIG. 29 ). That is, in some instances,the lifting feature 800 may be attached to a surface of the passage 64that is adjacent to the interior surface 530 of the door 90 (shown inFIG. 12 ) and opposite the receiving surface 190 (shown in FIG. 6 ). Inthe illustrated example, the lifting feature 800 is secured to aninterior surface 802 of the passage 64. The lifting feature 800 includesa base 804, a pivoting portion 806, and a hinge 808 connecting thepivoting portion 806 to the base 804. Positions I through V shown inFIG. 28 illustrate folding of the leading haptic 450 as the IOL 70 isadvanced through the passage 64 relative to the optic 460.

At position I, the pivoting portion 806 of the lifting feature 800 isshown in an initial, undisturbed configuration with the leading haptic450 just beginning to engage the pivoting portion 806. At position II,the leading haptic 450 is shown lifted in the direction of arrow 810 byan inclined surface 812 formed on the pivoting portion 806.Additionally, the lifting feature 800 also causes displacement of theleading haptic 450 towards the optic 460. In the context of advancementof the IOL 70, movement of the leading haptic 450 towards the optic 460means that the lifting feature 800 retards or slows advancement of theleading haptic 450 relative to the optic 460, resulting in the relativemovement of the leading haptic 450 towards the optic 460.

As a result of the engagement with the leading haptic 450, the pivotingportion 806 is shown slightly deflected distally in a direction of arrow814. At position III, the leading haptic 450 is shown lifted to amaximum amount by the lifting feature 800 along with the pivotingportion 806 displaced to a greater extent distally. Position III alsoshows a leading edge 816 of the optic 460 positioned below the leadinghaptic 450 (in the context of the view shown in FIG. 28 ). At positionIV, the leading haptic 450 is shown folded over the surface 726 and thepivoting portion 806 is further folded distally. At position V, theleading haptic 450 is shown fully folded over the surface 726 of theoptic 460. The pivoting portion 806 is shown proximal of the leadinghaptic 450. Consequently, as the IOL 70 is advanced, a point is reachedwhere the pivoting portion 806 pivots about hinge 808 to permit theleading haptic 450 to distally pass the folding feature 800. Thus, thefolding feature 800 is operable to lift and fold the leading haptic 450while also being operable to bend and permit the leading haptic 450 todistally move past the folding feature. As folding of the IOL 70continues, the pivoting portion 806 remains bent about the hinge 808 topermit passage of the remainder of the IOL 70.

In some implementations, the inclined surface 812 may be a smoothsurface. In other implementations, the inclined surface 812 may includea plurality of steps similar to the steps 716 shown in FIGS. 25 and 27 ,for example.

In some implementations, the folding feature 800 may be formed of aflexible material having a hardness less than a material forming the IOL70. Thus, the folding feature 800 is formed of a material that permitsthe IOL 70 to contact and slide against the folding feature 800 butprevent damage to the folding feature. However, in otherimplementations, the folding feature 800 may be formed of a materialhaving a hardness that is greater that a material forming the IOL 70.For example, the folding feature 800 may be designed so as to eliminatesharp edges to avoid damaging the IOL 70 even though the materialforming the folding feature 800 has a higher hardness than the materialforming the IOL 70.

FIG. 29 illustrates another example lifting feature 900 disposed withinthe delivery passage 127 operable to lift the leading haptic 450 of IOL70 over surface 726 of the optic 460. In some implementations, thelifting feature 900 may be disposed in the passage 64 of the distal endportion 60. For example, the lifting feature 900 may be attached to alower surface (within the context of FIG. 29 ). That is, in someinstances, the lifting feature 900 may be attached to a surface of thepassage 64 that is opposite to the interior surface 530 of the door 90(shown in FIG. 12 ) and adjacent the receiving surface 190 (shown inFIG. 6 ). In the illustrated example, the lifting feature 900 is securedto an interior surface 902 of the passage 64.

The lifting feature 900 includes a base 904, a pivoting portion 906, anda hinge 908 connecting the pivoting portion 906 to the base 904. Thepivoting portion 906 has a “V” shape that defines a first inclinedsurface 910 and a second inclined surface 912. The leading haptic 450 ofthe IOL 70 engages and slides along the first and second inclinedsurfaces 910 and 912 so as to lift the leading haptic 450 above (in thecontext of FIG. 32 ) the surface 762 of the optic 460.

Positions I through III shown in FIG. 29 illustrate folding of theleading haptic 450 as the IOL 70 is advanced through the passage 64relative to the optic 460. At position I, the pivoting portion 906 ofthe lifting feature 900 is shown in an initial, undisturbedconfiguration with the leading haptic 450 just beginning to engage thepivoting portion 906. At position II, the leading haptic 450 ispartially folded and lifted in the direction of arrow 914 by the firstand second inclined surfaces 910 and 912 formed on the pivoting portion906. As a result of the engagement with the leading haptic 450, thepivoting portion 906 is shown deflected distally in a direction of arrow916 relative to the base 904, resulting in the inclined surface 912forming a ramp that operates to further lift the leading haptic 450above the top corner of the leading edge of the optic 760 (as viewed inthe context of FIG. 29 ). As is also illustrated at II, the liftingfeature 900 also causes displacement of the leading haptic 450 towardsthe optic 460. In the context of advancement of the IOL 70, movement ofthe leading haptic 450 towards the optic 460 means that the liftingfeature 900 retards or slows advancement of the leading haptic 450relative to the optic 460, resulting in the relative movement of theleading haptic 450 towards the optic 460. At position III, the leadinghaptic 450 is shown lifted above and folded over the optic such that theleading haptic 450 is located adjacent to the surface 762 of the optic460. The folding feature 900 is shown on a side of the optic 460opposite the leading haptic 450.

In some implementations, one or both of the inclined surfaces 910 and912 may be a smooth surface. In other implementations, one or both ofthe inclined surfaces 910 and 912 may include a plurality of stepssimilar to the steps 716 shown in FIGS. 25 and 27 , for example.

As the IOL 70 continues to advance along the passage 64, the optic 460presses against and slides over the folding feature 900 such that thepivoting portion 906 is further folded over. Similar to the foldingfeature 800, the folding feature 900 may be formed of a flexiblematerial having a hardness less than a material forming the IOL 70.However, in other implementations, the folding feature 900 may be formedof a material having a hardness that is greater that a material formingthe IOL 70. Similar to the folding feature 800, discussed above, in someinstances, the folding feature 800 may be designed so as to eliminatesharp edges to avoid damaging the IOL 70 even though the materialforming the folding feature 800 has a higher hardness than the materialforming the IOL 70. Thus, the folding feature 900 is formed of amaterial that permits the IOL 70 to contact and slide against thefolding feature 900 but prevent damage to the folding feature.

Advancement of the plunger 30 through the injector body 20 is discussedbelow with reference to FIGS. 1, 6, and 11 . In some instances,dimensional tolerances between the plunger 30 and the injector body 20may permit relative movement between the plunger 30 and the injectorbody 20 such that the distal end portion 211 is able to move within bore40 in the direction of arrows 471, 472 (referred to hereinafter as“tolerance movement”). In instances, particularly those in which theplunger 30 includes angled portion 212, the plunger tip 220 normallyremains in contact with the interior wall 298 even if the plunger 30experiences tolerance movement as the plunger 30 advances through bore40. Thus, in some instances, notwithstanding any tolerance movement, theplunger tip 220 remains in contact with the interior wall 298.Accordingly, the second tapered wall 303 directed and centers theplunger tip 220 into the opening 170.

If the plunger 30 experiences tolerance movement such that the plungertip 220 no longer contacts the interior wall 298 of the bore 40, thefirst tapered wall 301, which includes the flexible wall portion 162,directs and centers the plunger tip 220 into the opening 170 formed atthe interface 172, resulting in contact between the plunger tip 220 andthe second tapered wall 303. When the plunger 30 becomes fully engagedwith the injector body 20, the tolerance movement is substantiallyreduced or eliminated, ensuring that the plunger tip 220 remains engagedwith the second tapered wall 303 and contoured ramp 180. In someinstances, full engagement between the plunger 30 and the injector body20 occurs when the cantilevered members 292 are fully engaged with theinterior wall 298 of the bore 40. Consequently, in instances wheretolerance movement may exist, upon full engagement between the plunger30 and the injector body 20, the flexible wall portion 162 no longerinfluences the position of the plunger 30. In any case, once the plungertip 220 advances through opening 170, the flexible wall portion 162 nolonger affects the directional path of plunger 30 nor any part thereof.

As the plunger tip 220 is advanced through the compartment 80 in slidingcontact with the receiving surface 190, the first groove 500 of theplunger tip 220 is positioned to engage the trailing haptic of IOL, suchas trailing haptic 450 of IOL 70, as shown in FIG. 6 . As the plungertip 220 is further advanced, the plunger tip 220 encounters thecontoured ramp 180 and is forced vertically towards the door 90. Thisvertical displacement of the plunger tip 220, while remaining in contactwith the receiving surface 190, both folds the trailing haptic up overthe optic of the IOL as well as align the second groove 510 of theplunger tip 220 with a trailing edge of the haptic. Particularly, thesurface 502 of the plunger tip 220 contacts and displaces the haptic 450as the plunger tip 220 is passed along the contoured surface 180,thereby folding the trailing haptic 450. As the trailing haptic 450folds, the contoured surface 192 and wall 194 work in concert to bothlocate the freely extending end 452 of the trailing haptic 450 above andover the optic 460. The profile of the contoured surface 192 operates tolift the trailing haptic 450 as the plunger tip 220 is displaced towardsthe distal end portion 60 of the injector body 20. The wall 194constrains lateral movement of the freely extending end 452 of thetrailing haptic 450, which cause the haptic to move distally relative tothe optic 460. Consequently, the trailing haptic 450 is both raisedabove and folded over the optic 460 as the plunger tip 220 contacts thetrailing haptic 450 and follows along the contoured ramp 180. As theplunger tip 220 is further advanced, the second groove 510 accepts thetrailing edge of the optic 460, and the plunger tip 220 is displacedvertically away from the door 90 due to a combination of influences fromboth the decreasing slope of the contoured ramp 180 and the angledportion 212 of the plunger rod 210. Movement of the plunger tip 220 inthe manner described provides for improved engagement and folding of theIOL 70.

FIG. 13 is a detail view of a portion of the distal end portion 60 ofthe injector body 20. The distal end portion 60 includes a taperedportion 62 and the insertion depth guard 140. The distal end 265 of thebiasing element 260 may engage the proximal end 50 of the injector body20 to define a pause location of the folded or partially folded IOL. Thenozzle 120 may include a demarcation 1900 that provides a visualindication of the pause position. For example, in the example shown inFIG. 13 , the demarcation 1900 is a narrow ridge or line that encirclesall or a portion of the distal end portion 60. In some instances, thedemarcation 1900 may be disposed between the tapered portion 62 and theinsertion depth guard 140. At least a portion of the injector body 20may be formed form a transparent or semi-transparent material thatpermits a user to see an IOL within the injector body 20. Particularly,the distal end portion 60 of the injector body 20 may be formed from atransparent material to permit observation of the IOL as it is movedtherethrough by the plunger 30.

FIG. 14 shows a view of the distal end portion 60 of the IOL injector 10with IOL 70 located therein at a pause position. As shown in FIG. 14 ,the pause position of the IOL may be defined as a location where thedistal edge 462 of optic 460 of the IOL 70 substantially aligns with thedemarcation 1900. A haptic 450 or a portion thereof may extend beyondthe demarcation 1900. Again, the pause position may also correspond tothe initial engagement of the distal end 265 of the biasing element 260with the proximal end 50 of the injector body 20. Therefore, the pauselocation may be jointly indicated by positioning of the IOL, or partthereof, relative to the demarcation 1900 and the initial contactbetween the distal end 265 of the biasing element 260.

In other instances, a location of the IOL relative to the distal opening12 of the nozzle 120 when the distal end 265 of the biasing element 260contacts the proximal end 50 of the injector body 20 may vary. In someinstances, the IOL may be partially ejected from the distal opening 125when the distal end 265 of the biasing element 260 contacts the proximalend 50 of the injector body 20. For example, in some instances,approximately half of the IOL may be ejected from the distal opening 125when the distal end 265 of the biasing element 260 contacts the proximalend 50 of the injector body 20. In other instances, the IOL may becontained wholly within the IOL injector when the distal end 265 of thebiasing element 260 contacts the proximal end 50 of the injector body20.

FIG. 15 shows a cross sectional view of the opening 170 formed at theinterface 172. In some instances, the opening 170 may define a “T”shape. The plunger tip 220 is shown disposed at the opening 170 with theflexible wall portion 162 contacting a surface 214 the plunger rod 210.In some instances, the cross section of the plunger rod 210 increasestowards the proximal end of the plunger rod 210. Thus, as the plungerrod 210 is advanced through the opening 170, the plunger rod 210 fillsthe opening as a result of the increasing cross section. Portions 173and 175 of the opening 170 are filled by flanges 213, 215 (shown in FIG.9 ).

As the opening 170 is filled by the increasing cross section of theplunger rod 210 as the plunger rod 210 is advanced distally through theinjector body 20, the flexible wall portion 162 is flexed in thedirection of arrow 471 to permit passage of the plunger rod 210, asshown in FIG. 16 . Further, as a result of the angled portion 212 of theplunger rod 210, the contoured ramp 180, and the folding of IOL 70 as itis advanced through the IOL injector 10, the plunger tip 220 is made tofollow a defined path through the compartment 80, the distal end portion60, and nozzle 120 uninfluenced by the flexible wall portion 162.

FIG. 16 shows the flexible wall portion 162 being flexed in thedirection of 471 as the plunger rod 210 continues to advance distallythrough the IOL injector 10. Further, FIG. 16 also shows the plunger tip220 engaged with IOL 70 such that trailing haptic 450 is received intothe first groove 500 at a location offset from the second groove 510,and the proximal edge of the optic 460 is received into the secondgroove 510.

As the IOL 70 is advanced through the passage 64 of the distal endportion 60, the IOL 70 is folded into a reduced size to permit passageof the IOL 70 through the nozzle 120 and into the eye. During folding ofthe IOL 70, a resistive force on the plunger 30 is increased. Once theIOL 70 is fully folded 70, the resistive force on the plunger 30generally reduces.

A wound may be formed in the eye. The wound may be sized to accommodatethe nozzle 120 of the IOL injector 10. The nozzle 120 may be insertedinto the wound. The nozzle 120 may be advanced through the wound untilthe flanged surface 150 of the insertion depth guard 140 abuts theexterior surface of the eye. Contact between the insertion depth guard140 and the exterior surface of the eye limits the depth to which thenozzle 120 may be inserted into the eye, preventing unnecessary stresson the edges of the wound as well as preventing enlargement of the wounddue to over insertion of the IOL injector 10. Consequently, theinsertion depth guard 140 operates to reduce additional trauma to theeye and enlargement of the wound.

With the nozzle properly positioned within the eye through the wound,the user may complete delivery of the folded IOL into the eye. Referringto FIG. 2 , as advancement of the plunger 30 continues, the biasingelement 260 is compressed. Compression of biasing element 260 increasesa resistive force to advancement of the plunger 30, also referred to asplunging force. This additional resistance to advancement of the plunger30 diminishes changes to the plunging force associated with the foldingof the IOL prior to insertion into the eye. Further, in some instances,the biasing element 260 may be made to contact the injector body 120when, or proximate to when, the IOL 70 has fully folded so that the areduction in resistive force that may result from the IOL 70 being fullyfolded may be offset by the compression of the biasing element 260. Thisincrease in resistive force provided by compression of the biasingelement 260, particularly in light of a reduction that may result due tothe IOL 70 being fully folded, provides improved tactile feedback to auser, such as a medical profession, during delivery of the IOL 70 intoan eye. This improved tactical feedback provides the user with improvedcontrol during delivery of the IOL 70, which may prevent rapid expulsionof the IOL 70 into the eye.

As a result, the user is able to provide a smooth application of forcewithout experiencing any sudden or rapid changes in advancement of theplunger 30. Such sudden or rapid changes may result in the IOL beingrapidly expelled from an injector. Rapid expulsion of an IOL into an eyemay cause damage, such as perforation of the capsular bag. Such damagemay increase the time required to compete the surgical procedure and mayincrease the harm caused immediately and post operatively to thepatient. Upon insertion of the IOL into the eye, the IOL injector 10 maybe withdrawn from the eye.

Although the disclosure provides numerous examples, the scope of thepresent disclosure is not so limited. Rather, a wide range ofmodification, change, and substitution is contemplated in the foregoingdisclosure. It is understood that such variations may be made to theforegoing without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. An intraocular lens injector comprising: aninjector body comprising: a bore defined by an interior wall; alongitudinal axis extending centrally along the injector body; a distalend portion comprising: a first sidewall; a second sidewall disposedopposite the first sidewall; a third sidewall extending between thefirst sidewall and the second sidewall; and a fourth sidewall oppositethe third sidewall, the first sidewall, second sidewall, third sidewall,and fourth sidewall joined to define passage forming a portion of thebore; a first ramp formed on an interior surface of the passage alongthe first sidewall and laterally offset from the longitudinal axis, thefirst ramp disposed at a position within the passage to contact aleading haptic of an intraocular lens, the first ramp comprising: afirst leading surface being sloped and inwardly extending from theinterior surface into the passage; and a first peak disposed at a distalend of the first ramp disposed at a distal end of the first leadingsurface; and a plunger slideable in the bore.
 2. The intraocular lensinjector of claim 1, wherein the first leading surface comprises a firstplurality of steps therealong.
 3. The intraocular lens injector of claim2, wherein each of the first plurality of steps comprises a rise and arun.
 4. The intraocular lens injector of claim 3, wherein the rise andrun of each of the steps is uniform.
 5. The intraocular lens injector ofclaim 3, wherein at least one of the rise and run of at least one stepof the first plurality of steps is different from the rise and the runof another of the steps of the first plurality of steps.
 6. Theintraocular lens injector of claim 1, wherein the injector body furthercomprises a compartment configured to receive the intraocular lens,wherein the compartment adjoins and is in fluid communication with thepassage, and a threshold is defined between the passage and thecompartment.
 7. The intraocular lens injector of claim 6, wherein aproximal end of the first leading surface of first ramp is located alongat the threshold.
 8. The intraocular lens injector of claim 1 furthercomprising a second ramp formed on the interior surface of the passagealong the second sidewall and adjacent to the first ramp.
 9. Theintraocular lens injector of claim 8, wherein the first ramp and thesecond ramp are integrally formed.
 10. The intraocular lens injector ofclaim 8, wherein the second ramp comprises a second leading surface,wherein the second leading surface is sloped and extends inwardly fromthe interior surface of the passage.
 11. The intraocular lens injectorof claim 10, wherein the second ramp further comprises a second peakdisposed at a distal end of the second leading surface.
 12. Theintraocular lens injector of 10, wherein the second leading surfacecomprises a second plurality of steps.
 13. The intraocular lens injectorof claim 12, wherein each of the second plurality of steps comprises arise and a run.
 14. The intraocular lens injector of claim 13, whereinthe rise and run of each of the steps is uniform.
 15. The intraocularlens injector of claim 13, wherein at least one of the rise and run ofat least one step of the second plurality of steps is different from therise and the run of another of the steps of the second plurality ofsteps.
 16. The intraocular lens injector of claim 10, wherein the firstleading surface and the second leading surface are integrally formed.17. The intraocular lens injector of claim 1, wherein the first rampfurther comprises a first trailing surface disposed distally of thefirst peak.
 18. The intraocular lens injector of claim 1, wherein thefirst trailing surface has a positive slope.
 19. The intraocular lensinjector of claim 17, wherein further comprising a second ramp formed onthe interior surface of the passage along the second sidewall andadjacent to the first ramp, wherein the second ramp comprises: a secondleading surface that is sloped and that extends inwardly from theinterior surface of the passage; a second peak disposed at a distal endof the second leading surface; and a second trailing surface, whereinthe second trailing surface has a positive slope.
 20. The intraocularlens injector of claim 19, wherein the first trailing surface and thesecond trailing surface are integrally formed.